Institute of Public Finance – Page 7 – IPF

Are County Governments Planning for the Financial Year 2018/2019?

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Are County Governments Planning for the Financial Year 2018/2019?

Read More Post a Comment

CBEF: Are they the only legal mechanism of public participation at the county level?

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

CBEF: Are they the only legal mechanism of public participation at the county level?

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Budget documents availability in the East Africa region has deteriorated

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Budget documents availability in the East Africa region has deteriorated

Read More Post a Comment

ARE WE MEETING THE CRITERIA OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE BUDGET PROCESS AT THE COUNTY LEVEL?

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

ARE WE MEETING THE CRITERIA OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE BUDGET PROCESS AT THE COUNTY LEVEL?

Read More Post a Comment

Why We Need Genuine Budget Offices in our County Assemblies

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Why We Need Genuine Budget Offices in our County Assemblies

Read More Post a Comment

Opening the government sector working groups to taxpayers will increase budget transparency

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Opening the government sector working groups to taxpayers will increase budget transparency

Read More Post a Comment

Timely Budget implementation reports are a key route to checking inequalities

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Timely Budget implementation reports are a key route to checking inequalities

Read More Post a Comment

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kenya will collapse unless our health budgeting is improved

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kenya will collapse unless our health budgeting is improved

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WILL PRESUMPTIVE TAX HAVE A TAX INDUCED BEHAVIOR?

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

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Institute of Public Finance

WILL PRESUMPTIVE TAX HAVE A TAX INDUCED BEHAVIOR?

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Counties should tell us how they spend our cash

Blogs and journals April 25, 2020

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/19398083b3f687eb352d07d19ecc5bf0?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/>

Institute of Public Finance

Counties should tell us how they spend our cash

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